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April 7, 2007

Despair of Young European Muslims Drives Some to Suicide—Part II

Karine Ancellin Saleck

by Karine Ancellin Saleck
Belgium

Despair of Young European Muslims Drives Some to Suicide—Part I

Iman has never been sung the sweet nursery rhymes of Carthagena. She feels guilty for betraying her parents, even though, on a daily basis, she is perceived by others as Tunisian; these strangers disregard the European dominance of her identity.

Since 9/11, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, primetime media has focused its attention on Muslim extremists. The lack of expression of the Muslim masses, like herself in Europe, and her family in Tunisia (who condemn Islam extremists), leads Iman to feel that Islam is an easy scapegoat for all kinds of societal maladies. The “moderates,” like those in Iman’s family, are totally ignored and required to stay largely invisible if they are to keep their place in France.

Iman is upset by what she sees as an unfair situation. A faithful believer, Iman, like her mother, is tolerant about religious practice, even though sometimes she blames her for having discarded some religious obligations. Iman is unable to create a religious or political identity for herself. She has never worn a headscarf and went to the same school as the other French neighbor girls. She knows as much as they do, if not more, because of her dual yet inhibited Tunisian identity, but she fails to accept her diversity. She thinks she is just an underdog, less beautiful, less intelligent, less everything than the others.

Because of her French literature and philosophy education coupled with her sense of being an outcast, highly sensitive Iman experiences even the slightest disappointment as a tragedy. She has broken up with her boyfriend and failed on one of her exams that she must now take again in September. Her mother is leaving for Tunis for a few days and she will be alone with her brother who is mostly absent. She finds all the ingredients for her suicide on the internet (the website has since been shut down) and decides on a gentle way to die, with Nivaquine. She will then have to trick the drugstore into prescribing the drug to her. Iman uses her intelligence and dexterity for her sordid fate.

Afterwards, the lives of all her beloved will be forever saddened.

The death of Iman is different from those of other young French women. Aside from a few bridges linked to her age group, the fundamental question of her belonging is a key factor in her suicide.

The Muslim identity is caricatured in Europe. More and more young people feel incapable of dealing with this pariah-like portrayal when they are making tremendous efforts to do the right thing. The Canadian writer, Irshad Manji, who published the acclaimed book, The Trouble with Islam Today, explores the suffering inherent in the reluctant marriage between Islam and the West. Irshad lived through difficult teenage years after arriving in Canada as a refugee from Uganda. Living in Richmond, a Vancouver suburb, she had to make sense of both the teachings of the typical North American school, with those of the rigid Madrassa she attended afterwards. She could have then done what the majority of young Muslim girls do and turn to hamburgers and Coca Cola, thus hiding her origins and religion from both herself and others. Instead, she did just the opposite.

She studied the Koran and from this religious knowledge came a few embarrassing questions: the inferior treatment of women in Islam; the Jew-bashing that so many Muslims persistently engage in; and the continuing scourge of slavery in countries ruled by Islamic regimes (muslim-refusnik.com). If given the chance, she might have been the kind of powerful thinker that could have shown Iman she was not alone in her suffering and offer the troubled girl a sense of solidarity.

Young Muslim men in Europe also live with strong personality conflicts, and their despair is just as strong in the face of the duality confronting young women like Iman, but it can often take on a more violent form. The evolution of this stress is mingled with the physical development of their bodies, the assertion of their virility, their need to be acknowledged, to feel needed and useful to society. Young Muslim men try desperately to struggle against the image of failure and the judgment of incapability the society is eager to place on them. This is why they sometimes fall prey to the Muslim extremists who roam the downtrodden ghettos.

Political Muslim activists persuade these young men into believing they are truly turning to a spiritual life to help them in their daily European lives. Even for those who make it and find decent jobs, they still face the hurdle of learning to be open with their religious practices.

An existential doubt about their place in Europe will slowly creep into the backs of their minds and grow into a revolt for a decent future. The daily images of violence, the numerous deaths of Muslim civilians in the news from the war in Iraq and middle eastern conflicts slowly wear on them. The indifference of people around them only erodes their trust in the world. They grieve over the seemingly worthlessness of the young Muslim life and at the fact that their future is jeopardized before they even can have a say in the matter. To escape this aggression on their psyche many turn to drugs or alcohol, some commit suicide in prison, while others choose another form of suicide and leave for Iraq.

In December 2004, Scheherazade Faramarzi wrote a story for the Associated Press describing “two teenage friends who hardly seemed like Islamic radicals. They smoked marijuana, drank beer, listened to rap and wore jeans. Yet the pair of French Muslims died as rebels in Iraq — one as a suicide car bomber, said relatives who traced the young men's path from the slums of Paris through a religious school in Syria to the fight against the U.S.-led coalition next door. Like many young Muslims here, Abdelhalim Badjoudj and Redouane el-Hakim didn't have jobs, and relatives and friends say they grew more alienated in recent years, surrounded by secular Western culture and by what many Muslims see as a subtle bigotry among the French against Arabs. Badjoudj, who would have turned 19 on Dec. 16, is thought to have blown himself up on Oct. 20 while driving a car filled with explosives near a U.S. patrol on Baghdad's airport road, wounding two American soldiers and two Iraqi police officers. He is thought to have been the second French citizen to have carried out a suicide attack in Iraq. The body of el-Hakim, 19, reportedly was found July 17, after U.S. troops bombed a suspected insurgent hide-out in Fallujah.”

In the ghastly towers of the projects, factory workers’ children will find being a ‘martyr’ a better option than being turned down one job interview after another. The work of the radical Islamists is somewhat done for them because they essentially just have to levy this pervasive sentiment of injustice to recruit their kamikazes for jihad. These are the sons of rural immigrants who came to France in the 1960s for the promise of work in the newly built automotive factories. They were peasants who had a difficult time adjusting to the high-rise ghettos the factories built for their workers. In the 40 or so years since their construction, these projects have yet to be renovated.

Iman reacted passively where Redouane envisioned himself as a warrior of utopia! The main difference between Iman and Redouane, who were roughly the same age, is their social background. Iman came from the Tunisian upper class, was categorized upper middle class in Paris as well, and executed her studies successfully. As for Redouane, the worker’s son lived in a ghetto where he didn’t even have a chance. However they were both French, both categorized as Muslim, both in deep despair and today, both are dead.

Originally published in French by Kulturissimo

Comments (3)

Thank you for this article. It is very good.

The question that arises is: what should we or they do with this info? I mean, what is this a result of, what is this illustrating? What is the next step?

I know these are not the kind of questions you are supposed to answer as a journalist, but you as a person must have some kind of feeling or vision about this.

I was about 25 when I left the Netherlands to go live in France. It is only 500 kilometers away but the differences are HUGE. It is a continuous struggle to convince myself that this is the place I want to live. And once I lost the struggle and decided to go back, I realised that there was no way back into the 'uterus'. The distance I had walked I had walked inside of me too.

I am not a muslima. But I am not French. And I am searching and I certainly do not believe in any human organisation that believes itself laic. A laic world to me is like a human being without a soul, a marriage without a ceremony, it is romance turned into pornography.

I believe that all individuals that have mixed roots, or 'other' roots, or any other psychological difficulty should allow themselves first to express it, to make it tangible. In colours, in words, in music, in poetry, in pictures. They should also allow themselves the liberty of 'their own perception, their own emotions, their own questions and most of all get rid of fixed ideas. People should be enabled to see the difference between what has been told and what they live and feel as true. For me, that is one of the possible ways to deal with the fear of not being as the others. As everybody else and accept your uniqueness.

BUT I am afraid that this kind of free thinking, educated as a real subject, in a regular national school will not be accepted. Because the national school, first and for all, has been installed and still is serving politics.

That is the reason that I took my daughter to a different kind of school where individual growth and understanding is being taught, and this school has been stigmatised: SECT.

That kind of individual awareness and freedom for me is the key to love to live, and the key to the desire to help your environment grow in all possible ways. The motivation must come from inside first. And in that motivation is no conflict.

All these youngsters that are struggling are in conflict with ideas, of others, and of what they believe others think. And somewhere they have accepted these ideas, as you say for example not to betray mama's love. But that is based on false convictions and fears.

Anyway, I believe there are ways out of these kind of depressive situations but these ways are in and up, not out. And again, to take the people into the inner world, we need women to stand up, to express their feelings and to create.

Hello karine, I have been mulling over your articles for the past few days. I hope that this is not too late to write.
My feeling is that while Imam's disassociation from her culture and surroundings may have contributed to the suicide, they were not the specific cause, nor was the Franch government's bureaucracy, not the French people's racism. For me and for others who have worked with adolescents, there is a condition of adolescent despair. It crosses cultures, classes and races; it is somewhat recognized but not usually looked for, after all aren't teenagers supposed to have profound mood swings and rebel? They are, of course, to a certain degree but not to despair, the utter abondonment of hope that leaves the mind numb. Imam also had enough anger with her cvondition to plan the suicide. Perhaps the two combined, the anger and the despair, leaves the young individual, who lacks maturity and experience, feeling so hopeless they have no alternative.
I think I am lecturing like this because I do believe that this is a universal problem not one of poverty or class or lack of acceptence. Two years ago, a nephew of my husband's, a boy from one of the upper strata of Mexico City society, rather than go to a final exam, shot himself to death. He supposedly had everything. He left a note saying he didn't want to be a "loser". From all outward appearances he never was. Again, about fifteen years ago my very good friend went home from work to find her son hanging in the leaving room. What caused that anger and despair to spill over into such violence, no one will know but again there was no outward reason. When I was in nursing school we were given Viktor Frankl's book on despair and survival and why some exhibit such a condition and others remain hopeful.
I think that your writings are really good and that you have a voice and the talent to reach others. Yes, we should try to change the conditions that contribute to despair but first I believe that we have to see the individual's ability to withstand these stresses. Young people must be encouraged to focus and express themselves in nonviolent ways. That is not only suicide but alcohol, drugs, anorexia and all very risky self destructive behaviors should be discouraged.

Dear Karine...finally got to read and absorbing the story of my sisters in scarves.

The fact that in all only such a few women in france actually wear the veil was one of the big surprises and that the government was able to prance around and do their 'justice' thing with so much awkwardness in face of this reality...and so quickly while so many people are sporting their gold crosses and stars and axes of so many different wor-ships floating by...something which always distracts me when I am talking to someone...as does writing on the chest..politics and opinion tee shirts & buttons...especially anti-bush sentiments or aids or any opinions plastered on the same, plain as the nose.

It must feel good to be able to express a clear way to reflect on the situation and have people read and even be able to respond. It does help and I did think about the women and the choice
to scarf as a strong statement against the phobia being constructed in these times.

Also the important role of balance that the feminine voice gives around the sensational absence of a whole image being sold by the war on terror or the terrible war which has traded human values.

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